What's the Software Testing ?
A set of activities conducted with the intent of finding errors in software.
What is the Purpose of Testing ?
To check whether system is meeting requirement.
What is the need for testing ?
To Make error Free Product and Reduce Development Cost.
What is the Outcome of Testing ?
System which is bug free and meet the system requirements.
When to start and Stop Testing ?
When system meets the requirement and there is no change in functionality.
After completing testing, what would you deliver to the client ?
Bug free product.
How many types of testing?
There are two types of testing-
* Functional- Black Box Testing
* Structural- white Box Testing
What is Functional Testing ?
Testing the features and operational behavior of a product to ensure they correspond to its specifications. Testing that ignores the internal mechanism of a system or component and focuses solely on the outputs generated in response to selected inputs and execution conditions. or Black Box Testing.
What is Structural Testing ?
Testing that takes into account the internal mechanism [structure] of a system or component. Types include branch testing, path testing, statement testing. or White box testing.
What's the Black Box testing ?
Black Box testing is not based on any knowledge of internal logic.
What's the White Box testing ?
White Box testing is based on knowledge of internal logic.
What is Gray Box Testing ?
A combination of Black Box and White Box testing methodologies testing a piece of software against its specification but using some knowledge of its internal workings.
What are the three techniques of Black Box testing ?
Three techniques are-
*.Equivalence Partitioning
*.Boundry Value Analysis
*.Error guessing
What is Equivalence Partitioning ?
A test case design technique for a component in which test cases are designed to execute representatives from equivalence classes.
What's the Boundry Value Analysis ?
Boundry Valuse Analysis is a test data selection technique in whice values are choosen maximum, minimum, just inside, just outside boundries, typical values, and error values. The hope is then if software work correctly for these values then it's will works for all values in between.
What`s the Error guessing ?
A test case design technique where the experience of the tester is used to postulate what faults exist, and to design tests specially to expose them.
What are the various levels of testing ?
Unit,Integration,System and Acceptance testing.
What's the Unit Testing ?
Testing of individual component of software.
What's the Integration Testing ?
In Integration Testing, we can test combined parts of application to determine if they work together correctly.
How many types of approaches are used in Integration Testing ?
There are two types of approaches used-
* Bottom-Up
* Top-Down
What's the Bottom-up Testing ?
An approach to integration testing where the lowest level component are tested first.
What's the Top-Down testing ?
An approach to integration testing where the top level component are tested first.
What's the System Testing ?
System Testing is third level of Testing In this level we check Functionility of application.
What's the Acceptance Testing ?
A testing conducted to enable a user or customer to determine whether to accept a software project.
Why do you go for White box testing, when Black box testing is available ?
To check code, branches and loops in code.
What types of testing do testers perform ?
Black Box & White Box testing.
Can Automation testing replace manual testing ? If it so, how ?
Yes, if there are many modifications in functionality and it is near impossible to update the automated scripts.
What are the entry criteria for Automation testing ?
Should have stable code.
Who's the good software engineer ?
A good software engineer has "test to break" attitude, an ability to take the point of view of the customers, and strong quality desire.
What are the Qualities of a Tester ?
Should have ability of find out hidden bug as early as possible in SDLC.
What is Quality Assurance ?
All those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service is of the type and quality needed and expected by the customer. (or) Bug presentation activity is called QA.
What is Quality Audit ?
A systematic and independent examination to determine whether quality activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve objectives.
What is Quality Circle ?
A group of individuals with related interests that meet at regular intervals to consider problems or other matters related to the quality of outputs of a process and to the correction of problems or to the improvement of quality.
What is Quality Control ?
The operational techniques and the activities used to fulfill and verify requirements of quality.
What is Quality Management ?
That aspect of the overall management function that determines and implements the quality policy.
What is Quality Policy ?
The overall intentions and direction of an organization as regards quality as formally expressed by top management.
What's Ad Hoc Testing ?
A testing where the tester tries to break the software by randomly trying functionality of software.
What's the Accessibility Testing ?
Testing that determines if software will be usable by people with disabilities.
What's the Alpha Testing ?
The Alpha Testing is conducted at the developer sites and in a controlled environment by the end user of the software
What's the Beta Testing ?
Testing the application after the installation at the client place.
What is Component Testing ?
Testing of individual software components (Unit Testing).
What's Compatibility Testing ?
In Compatibility testing we can test that software is compatible with other elements of system.
What is Concurrency Testing ?
Multi-user testing geared towards determining the effects of accessing the same application code, module or database records. Identifies and measures the level of locking, deadlocking and use of single-threaded code and locking semaphores.
What is Conformance Testing ?
The process of testing that an implementation conforms to the specification on which it is based. Usually applied to testing conformance to a formal standard.
What is Context Driven Testing ?
The context-driven school of software testing is flavor of Agile Testing that advocates continuous and creative evaluation of testing opportunities in light of the potential information revealed and the value of that information to the organization right now.
What is Data Driven Testing ?
Testing in which the action of a test case is parameterized by externally defined data values, maintained as a file or spreadsheet. A common technique in Automated Testing.
What is Conversion Testing ?
Testing of programs or procedures used to convert data from existing systems for use in replacement systems.
What is Dependency Testing ?
Examines an application's requirements for pre-existing software, initial states and configuration in order to maintain proper functionality.
What is Depth Testing ?
A test that exercises a feature of a product in full detail.
What is Dynamic Testing ?
Testing software through executing it. See also Static Testing.
What is Endurance Testing ?
Checks for memory leaks or other problems that may occur with prolonged execution.
What is End-to-End testing ?
Testing a complete application environment in a situation that mimics real-world use, such as interacting with a database, using network communications, or interacting with other hardware, applications, or systems if appropriate.
What is Exhaustive Testing ?
Testing which covers all combinations of input values and preconditions for an element of the software under test.
What is Gorilla Testing ?
Testing one particular module, functionality heavily.
What is Installation Testing ?
Confirms that the application under test recovers from expected or unexpected events without loss of data or functionality. Events can include shortage of disk space, unexpected loss of communication, or power out conditions.
What is Localization Testing ?
This term refers to making software specifically designed for a specific locality.
What is Loop Testing ?
A white box testing technique that exercises program loops.
What is Mutation Testing ?
Mutation testing is a method for determining if a set of test data or test cases is useful, by deliberately introducing various code changes ('bugs') and retesting with the original test data/cases to determine if the 'bugs' are detected. Proper implementation requires large computational resources
What is Monkey Testing ?
Testing a system or an Application on the fly, i.e just few tests here and there to ensure the system or an application does not crash out.
What is Positive Testing ?
Testing aimed at showing software works. Also known as "test to pass". See also Negative Testing.
What is Negative Testing ?
Testing aimed at showing software does not work. Also known as "test to fail". See also Positive Testing.
What is Path Testing ?
Testing in which all paths in the program source code are tested at least once.
What is Performance Testing ?
Testing conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component with specified performance requirements. Often this is performed using an automated test tool to simulate large number of users. Also know as "Load Testing".
What is Ramp Testing ?
Continuously raising an input signal until the system breaks down.
What is Recovery Testing ?
Confirms that the program recovers from expected or unexpected events without loss of data or functionality. Events can include shortage of disk space, unexpected loss of communication, or power out conditions.
What is the Re-testing testing ?
Retesting- Again testing the functionality of the application.
What is the Regression testing ?
Regression- Check that change in code have not effected the working functionality
What is Sanity Testing ?
Brief test of major functional elements of a piece of software to determine if its basically operational.
What is Scalability Testing ?
Performance testing focused on ensuring the application under test gracefully handles increases in work load.
What is Security Testing ?
Testing which confirms that the program can restrict access to authorized personnel and that the authorized personnel can access the functions available to their security level.
What is Stress Testing ?
Stress testing is a form of testing that is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity. It involves testing beyond normal operational capacity, often to a breaking point, in order to observe the results.
What is Smoke Testing ?
A quick-and-dirty test that the major functions of a piece of software work. Originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire.
What is Soak Testing ?
Running a system at high load for a prolonged period of time. For example, running several times more transactions in an entire day (or night) than would be expected in a busy day, to identify and performance problems that appear after a large number of transactions have been executed.
What's the Usability testing ?
Usability testing is for user friendliness.
What's the User acceptance testing ?
User acceptance testing is determining if software is satisfactory to an end-user or customer.
What's the Volume Testing ?
We can perform the Volume testing, where the system is subjected to large volume of data.
What is Quality System ?
The organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing quality management.
What is Race Condition ?
A cause of concurrency problems. Multiple accesses to a shared resource, at least one of which is a write, with no mechanism used by either to moderate simultaneous access.
What is Static Analysis ?
Analysis of a program carried out without executing the program.
What is Component ?
A minimal software item for which a separate specification is available.
What's Coding ?
A generation of source code.
What is Code Complete ?
Phase of development where functionality is implemented in entirety; bug fixes are all that are left. All functions found in the Functional Specifications have been implemented.
What is Code Coverage ?
An analysis method that determines which parts of the software have been executed (covered) by the test case suite and which parts have not been executed and therefore may require additional attention.
What's the Code Walkthrough ?
Code Walkthrough help in analyzing the coding techniques and if the code is meeting the coding standards.
What's the Code Inspections ?
Code Inspections is formal analysis of the program source code to find defects as defind by meeting system design specifications.
What's the Defect ?
The difference between the functional specification and actual program text.
What's the Defect Tracking ?
Defect tracking is the process of finding bugs in software.
What's the Debugging ?
Debugging is the method of finding and rectifying the cause of software failures.
What is an Inconsistent bug ?
Bug which are not reproducible
What is verification ?
To review the document.
What is validation ?
To validate the system against the requirements.
What is Functional Decomposition ?
A technique used during planning, analysis and design; creates a functional hierarchy for the software.
What is Functional Specification ?
A document that describes in detail the characteristics of the product with regard to its intended features.
What is Release Candidate ?
A pre-release version, which contains the desired functionality of the final version, but which needs to be tested for bugs (which ideally should be removed before the final version is released).
What's the Test Tool ?
A computer program that used in testing the systems.
What's the Test Driver ?
A program or test tool used to execute test.
What is the test data ?
The actual values used in the test or that are necessary to execute the test. (or) Input data against which we validate the system.
or
Test Data is the data that you use to execute your Test Cases or while doing Ad-hoc Testing.
What is a Data Guidelines ?
Guidelines which are to be followed for the preparation of test data.
What is Data Dictionary ?
A database that contains definitions of all data items defined during analysis.
What is Cyclomatic Complexity ?
A measure of the logical complexity of an algorithm, used in white-box testing.
What is Emulator ?
A device, computer program, or system that accepts the same inputs and produces the same outputs as a given system.
What's the Test Bed ?
An environment that contain different types of hardware, software, simulator, testing tools, and other support elements that are necessary to conduct a test.
Why do you go for Test Bed ?
To validate the system against the required input.
What is a Test condition ?
logical input data against which we validate the system. (or) A set of circumstances that a test invokes.
What's the Test Scenario ?
It defines a set of test cases or test scripts and the sequences in which they are to be executed.
What's the Test Plan ?
A high level of documents that define the software testing project.
What's the Test Case ?
A set of test inputs, execution, and expected result developed for a particular objective.
What's the Test Log ?
A chronological record of all relevant details about the execution of a test.
What's the Traceability Matrix ?
A document that showing the relationship between Test Requirements and Test Cases.
What is Cause Effect Graph ?
A graphical representation of inputs and the associated outputs effects which can be used to design test cases.
What is Equivalence Class ?
A portion of a component's input or output domains for which the component's behaviour is assumed to be the same from the component's specification.
What is Metric ?
A standard of measurement. Software metrics are the statistics describing the structure or content of a program. A metric should be a real objective measurement of something such as number of bugs per lines of code.
What is Software Requirements Specification?
A deliverable that describes all data, functional and behavioral requirements, all constraints, and all validation requirements for software
What is software fault ?
A software fault is a hidden programming error. A software fault fault is an error in the correctness of the semantics of a computer program.
What is software failure ?
Software failure occurs when the software does not do what the user expects to see.
What is parallel/audit testing ?
Parallel/audit testing is testing where the user reconciles the output of the new system to the output of the current system to verify the new system performs the operations correctly.
Who will do white box testing ?
White box testing only done by developer not the tester because white box testing is static as well as dynamic testing.
What is SIT ?
SIT - System Integration Testing - post integration of all the modules/components of the application, SIT is carried out on the integrated application. SIT is carried out to verify the functional requirements are being met or exceeded.
